Outline of Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) Technical Recommendations for the Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Concrete Structures using 3D-Printed Permanent Formwork
By T. Ishida, M. Kunieda and S. Iguchi
Concrete Journal, Vol.64, No.2, Feb. 2026
- Synopsis
- The application of 3D concrete printing (3DCP) technology to the construction field is accelerating worldwide, and in Japan as well, examples of its use for permanent formwork in civil engineering structures and other applications are steadily increasing. 3DCP has the potential to offer solutions to social issues such as skilled labor shortages at construction sites, shorter construction periods, and the need to reduce environmental impact. In 2025, the Japan Society of Civil Engineers published the “Technical Recommendations for the Design, Construction, and Maintenance of Concrete Structures Using 3D-Printed Permanent Formwork,” which sets out the basic principles and considerations for structural planning, design, manufacturing, construction, and maintenance of structures that use unreinforced permanent formwork (3D-printed permanent formwork) produced by construction 3D printers with cement-based materials. This paper presents an overview of these technical recommendations.
- Keywords:
- 3D concrete printing, 3D-printed permanent formwork, Layer deposition factor
